Preheat your oven to 350°F and line two baking sheets with parchment paper or a silicone mat. Using a silicone baking mat can help your cookies bake more evenly and prevent sticking. If you’re using parchment paper, it also makes for an easy cleanup afterward.
In a large bowl, whisk together 2 1/2 cups of all-purpose flour, 1 tsp of baking soda, 1 tsp of baking powder, 2 tsp of apple pie spice, and a pinch of salt. Set this mixture aside. Make sure to whisk thoroughly to evenly distribute the leavening agents (baking soda and powder). This ensures your cookies rise just right.
In another large bowl, use an electric mixer to cream together ½ cup of butter (softened to room temperature), 1 cup of light brown sugar, and 1 cup of granulated sugar. Beat until the mixture is smooth and fluffy, which should take about 2-3 minutes. Starting with room temperature butter is key. It makes it easier to blend, and the sugar creates air pockets, giving your cookies a nice texture. If your butter is too cold, it can result in dense cookies.
Mix in 2 large eggs, 3 tbsp water (or milk) and 1 tsp of vanilla extract on low speed until well incorporated.
With the mixer running on low, gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet mixture. Continue mixing just until the dough comes together and you don’t see any more dry spots.
Gently fold in diced apples (preferably Gala or another firm variety) and caramel bits.
Use a tablespoon or a cookie scoop to portion out the dough and place it on your prepared baking sheets. Leave some space between each dough ball, as the cookies will spread a bit while baking.
Bake in the preheated oven for 10-12 minutes, or until the edges are golden brown but the centers are still slightly soft.
Once you remove the cookies from the oven, sprinkle them with flaked sea salt if you’re a fan of that sweet and salty flavor combo.
Let the cookies cool on the baking sheets for about 5 minutes before transferring them to a wire rack to cool completely.